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* Some DBW (Electronic Throttle Controller= "ETC") solutions are CAN-bus based, like the [BMWS65/S85] : the most advanced engines that installers can mod, (the CAN-bus electronic throttle and idle-control subsystems of which) only very advanced ECU-s can control like the [VEMS ECU]
* Most other DBW / ETC solutions use dummy actuator (and 4 sensors, TPS, TPS2, PPS, PPS2), see [VemsTune Help] ** these can be driven by "bridge output driver" inside VEMS ECU (if requested, or externally). VEMS ECU can drive upto 9A (some BMW actuators have 1.9 Ohm drawing upto 8A; Current limit of most non-VEMS ECU's DBW outputs is 5A or 6A, so take care). ** note with dummy DBW: disable injector PWM-ing. Low-Z injectors can be driven with series resistors (eg. 4.7Ohm power resistors). Active flyback (4/8ch) don't cause any problem (but no use either) with dummy DBW (because of disabled injector PWM-ing). ---- |